Personal Reflection Essay - 1035 Words

â€Å"Writing is something you do alone. Its a profession for introverts who want to tell you a story but don’t want to make eye contact while doing it† -John Green In order to fully understand my writing abilities and how i comprehend literature it must be said i identify as an INFJ. My primary interest in a subject can be summed up with one question, is it good for people? The more beneficial the subject is to helping mankind the more interest i exhibit. Information which appeal to my feelings and morals bring out a passion to contribute and persuade others to join. I am very capable of independently learning and understanding new material. I have studied my own learning habits throughout my entire youth. It has been rewarding and†¦show more content†¦Instead of forcing myself to read everything in one sitting, i will divide the sections up in smaller more realistic intervals and pace my reading so it does not become a burden on me.Once i have finished my reading i should have answered my initial questions i wrote down before i began reading. If i feel i need more understanding i will reread certain sections pertaining to the questio n hoping there are important details i may have over looked the first time and usually there is. Avoiding procrastination is my biggest pitfall. By showing discipline and taking an forward approach i can greatly improve my literacy skills. Writing my own pieces of literature has always been an overwhelming thought for me. Its not the writing i fear, but more the judgment from the readers. I tend to get very detailed oriented and always feel anything i write could be better in some way. At times i have an endless pool of all the concepts i should mention to the reader, but i fail to draw the line of repetition and over used phrases. INFJ writers excel in literature and writing on subjects they take a special interest in. The language at first may come across as very serious or even formal and as you reach about midway you notice the tone seems to soften. I recite all of the things i write out loud several times and can pinpoint the exact sentence when the style becomes less form al. Most of my writing containsShow MoreRelatedPersonal Reflection Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this, my reflective essay, is to consider the journey I have taken to develop and create both the story research task and the story task. In the first task I was tasked to do an in-depth research on a topic that was trending or perceived as popular with a wide and varied audience. Accordingly, this would be a topic that could be seen to span a range of Social Media and established news sources. Then, in the second task, I was required to create a well-structured article based on theRead MorePersonal Reflection Essay713 Words   |  3 Pagesthe students I serve the key to development is a reflective mindset. In this perspective, I must have the ability to understand my own strengths, weaknesses, and adjust my own mannerisms. Throughout my graduate degree, I have been able to obtain reflection on my past, which presented me with opportunities to grow from the past and has aided me in the future. Recently I have been able to assist students on academic probation, and I always explain that the key to our own development is the ability toRead MorePersonal Reflection Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Program Reflection Answer the following questions about your overall BSHA program experience. Your responses should be a minimum of 100 words each. Use the following program outcomes as a guide, when necessary: 1. Graduates will be able to identify the structure and role of delivery systems within the health care industry. 2. Graduates will be able to examine the components of management and leadership within health care organizations. 3. Graduates will beRead MorePersonal Reflection Essay808 Words   |  4 Pagesprevention of cardiovascular damage and ways to decrease the effects. I set my next two sections, which were psychological effects and changes in lifestyle choices, in a similar cause and effect manner. Generally speaking, I feel that drafting my essay had its ups and downs, but was rather simple once I used the resources given to me. Throughout, the drafting process of the paper I think I done best at simplifying medical knowledge into common knowledge. While I was writing I kept in mind the factRead MorePersonal Essay : Course Reflection992 Words   |  4 PagesCourse Reflection When my advisor asked me if I wanted to take summer school the first thing I said was, â€Å"Yeah, I want to take English 101.† The only problem was that it started at 8AM and I usually worked the night before, but I thought I could handle it. I enjoy writing. I actually write in my free time sometimes, so I thought English would be no problem. For me, writing is either extremely easy or extremely hard. It’s easy for me when I don’t have restrictions from what I can write about. I canRead MorePsychology Personal Reflection Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesCemetery Visit Death comes to everyone human being living on the planet. I view death in two ways the first one is a long-lived life where the person enjoyed their life and die of natural causes. The second one is a short-lived life they did not get to enjoy the life to which it was given to but taken away by an unforeseen cause. Visiting this cemetery brings me sadness and a eerie feeling, the weather is overcast cloudy and very cold, I can see sun rays ahead of me peaking throughRead MorePersonal Reflection Essay On Fforgiveness1274 Words   |  6 PagesFForgiveness is a concept that most people do not understand, and I must admit I was one of those people before I took the class. My experience with this concept was mainly through church sermons where the pastor explained God forgave us of our sins to restore a relationship with us. Therefore, my definition clouded by these sermons would have been, forgiveness is saying you are sorry, no matter who is at fault, showing remorse for your actions, changing your actions, and reconciling to the pointRead MorePersonal Reflection of Media Use Essay567 Words   |  3 Pagesteacher I would be without being able to ‘steal† others ideas- but I remind myself that I will always be putting my own twist on each lesson no matter how small of a twist i t may be. On my lunch break I check to see if I have received text messages, personal emails, and of course see the newest updates of Facebook (slowly realizing how addicted I am to this form of social media). Lunch is usually simple, deli meat from Aldi’s or a microwavable meal. I am not sure if either of these are purchased becauseRead MorePersonal Reflection Essay - Original Writing Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagesdeep passion for helping people, especially people who have gone through similar situations I have. I am great with children and adolescents and thought teaching would fulfill those passions, but I have determined that isn’t the case. Through self-reflection, my experiences in college and in recovery, and the support I received from people like Steve Bennett, I have learned that human beings need support from other human beings. We can’t get through this crazy world alone. My goal is to live a lifeRead MoreReflection on Personal Goal for School Essay586 Words   |  3 Pages For this semester, I have set three goals that I will be working towards to make improvements on. The first goal I set is to start an assignment the day that it is assigned so that I do not procrastinate. The second goal I have set for this semester is to be more organized with my materials. The last goal for this semester is to relieve my stress in a positive way. By working on these goals during the next couple of weeks, it will make my life a little less stressful. The first goal I need to work

U.s. Economic Stimulus Package - 843 Words

U.S. Economic Stimulus Package Jason Leitch-Williams St. Gregory’s University U.S. Economic Stimulus The Great Recession has been one of the largest fiscal crises of the current generation and the economic downturn that resulted has been recorded as the longest and most severe since the Great Depression (The Impact of the Recovery Act on Economic Growth). Although the economy has reached a stage of recovery, the effects of the recession to real GDP can be seen in business cycle figures for the period. Shown in Table1, the change to real GDP was measured at -3.9% for the recessionary period. This step into recovery was brought about by an aggressive stimulus package based on the principles of Keynesian economic theory†¦show more content†¦The primary tactics utilized by the stimulus plan relied heavily on expansionary fiscal policy through the use of increased government expenditures as seen in Table 2 (The Impact of the Recovery Act on Economic Growth). Tax cuts were also instituted to stimulate economic growth (â€Å"Why Did Obama Extend the Bush Tax Cuts in 2010?,† n.d.). According to Keynesian economists, increased government spending would increase consumer confidence and spending which would provide for a reduction in unemployment rates through increases in job creation (John Maynard Keynes). Additionally, increases to disposable income would be seen through the use of targeted tax cuts and would ultimately result in an increase in consumption (Arnold, 2001). This can be seen in Chart 1 as an increase in disposable income that occurs concurrently with a rise in consumer spending. The success of the stimulus package has yet to be fully recognized. Some argue that the stimulus package has been unsuccessful and feel this can be seen in the changes in the unemployment rate. As seen in Chart 2 the actual unemployment rate was ranked at approximately 9.1% during the height of the stimulus package which is 2.6% higher than White House forecasts for the same period in 2011. In an

Our Hearts Grow Tender with Childhood Memories Essay Example For Students

Our Hearts Grow Tender with Childhood Memories Essay We all come from childhood. This is a fun and good time which is associated with sweet memories and a sense of continuing happiness. Remember this happy-go- lucky period of my life when I dreamed with confidence without thinking vetches my dreams would come true or not. On Christmas Eve there were dozens Of lights which burnt in my house. Honestly, this amazing picture made my heart so bright and happy that wanted to embrace the Whole world. Waited always for Christmas time because it was very great to help my parents to make a special dinner and feel breathtaking holiday atmosphere. Even growing up become a light-hearted child again for a while, forget all the troubles and plunge into the world of magic at Christmas. Moreover, everything changes in the days of Christmas. In this period of time even the most hardened cynics turn into romantics and become a little kinder, Most people forget about all the difficulties and could be among friends and relatives. All the year round we called each other on the phone occasionally, however at Christmas all loving people gather together at the same table. There is an opportunity to hug each other, talk, and wish happiness during this ravenous night. On Christmas Eve, the sky opens its gates, and we can make a wish, importantly that it should be sincere and from the heart. Want to believe that we can start a new countdown on the eve of this holiday and our life will be more successful and full of incredible things. Once upon a time there was already a miracle, the birth of Jesus Christ. We yearn to believe in wonders and wish to let a little Christmas magic enter into our lives. Enjoy your life and go towards your dream like children and then the most cherished desires will be fulfilled.

Soldiers and civilians alike Essay Example For Students

Soldiers and civilians alike Essay The second piece to be considered is an extract from Charlotte Gray called The Last Night, by Sebastian Faulks. In this extract, Faulks describes 2 Jewish orphaned brothers waiting to be taken to a concentration camp. He describes the night before they depart, the surroundings, the people and the emotion. Faulks describes how small gestures have a great impact on the detainees. Postcards were provided by an orderly on which to write messages home. The deportees used pencils that had survived the barracks search, indicating how precious these small necessities were, and on writing their notes, many were sobbing with passion, seemingly aware of their fate. Likewise, one boy should immense gratitude for a sardine can of water by embracing the woman that was distributing the water-a small token of kindness for those who are suffering Faulks presents the living conditions as poor. He describes how Andri is lying in the dug. Perhaps he has succumbed to the inevitable. Likewise, he describes adults refusing to drink because they knew it meant breakfast, and therefore departure. He later describes how the children dug their heels into the dirty straw, rather then going on to the bus. All these factors encompass a sense of panic, suggesting that they fear their imminent death. Faulks uses imagery of children as a strong emotional illustration. He describes a woman starring fixedly at her child for the last time. He uses the phrase terrible ferocity, this could be confused with anger or hatred, but no, the woman is trying so hard to fix that image of her child in her memory before he or she succumbs to the inevitable. Faulks as describes how children have to be aided on to the bus. This gives us an image that the children are too young to die and on top of that, a final monstrosity of how a baby of a few weeks old is placed into the cramped interior. There are similarities and differences between these 2 pieces. Both leave you feeling that war is a bad place to be in, but approached it a slightly different way. Both Owen and Faulks use the experiences of young soldiers to illustrate the horrors of the First World War and the feelings of fear, shock and disgust created in these men by the atrocities of conflict. Owen writes from personal experience, having fought in the war, whereas Faulks maps the journey of a young Englishman through historical fiction.

The Sea Wolf Essay Example

The Sea Wolf Paper When you contrast characters, you are pointing out the differences between those two characters. These differences can include physical appearance, intelligence, and actions. Authors write about contrasting characters to give both sides to the story. Also, contrasting characters create an obvious plot of different ideas. In the story, The Sea Wolf, by Jack London has the contrasting characters Wolf Larsen and Humphrey Van Weyden. Wolf Larsen and Humphrey Van Weyden are the main characters of the story.Their differences make the story more interesting and also give you different outlooks to the story. Wolf Larsen and Humphrey Van Weyden have different appearances, different philosophies, and also different attitudes. When we first meet Wolf Larsen and Humphrey Van Weyden, we realize that they are very different looking. â€Å"His height was probably five feet ten inches, or ten and a half; but my first impression or feel of the man was not of this, but of his strength,† (p. 20) thought Humphrey the first time he saw Wolf Larsen. Wolf Larsen was very tough and strong.He had a very rough look to him. Wolf was a very built man. He had big muscles and a very manly face structure. Unlike Wolf Larsen, Humphrey Van Weyden was not very strong. Humphrey appeared very neat and orderly. Humphrey did not show the same muscles Wolf did, and appeared very weak. Like physical appearance, Wolf Larsen and Humphrey Van Weyden differed greatly in philosophy. Throughout the book, Wolf and Humphrey sit down and talk about philosophy. Humphrey had a very easy going, nice outlook on life. He believed everyone was nice and no one should be treated wrongly.He found it very odd when Wolf Larsen was abusing and killing his shipmates because it was against his philosophy. But Wolf Larsen found this behavior very normal. Wolf Larsen believed that no human has value unless they add the value to it. Also, he believed strongly in survival of the fittest. Both found the each otherâ€℠¢s philosophies were very wrong. After one of their philosophy talks, Humphrey says to himself, â€Å"[I] seemed to find in Wolf Larsen’s forbidding philosophy a more adequate explanation of life than I found in my own. † (p. 73) Wolf Larsen was a very mean person as well. He was very rude to his peers and very brutal and violent. He was a believer in punishment. Wolf often called the others mean names and hit them or even killed them. He rarely thought twice about what he is doing to another person. Wolf was not very liked by the other shipmates. When asked about Wolf Larsen, one of the shipmates responded, â€Å"Wolf tis what he is. Hes not blackhearted like some men. Tis no heart he has at all. Wolf. just Wolf, tis what he is. Dye wonder hes well named? † (p. 3) Unlike Wolf Larsen, Humphrey Van Weyden was very kind and gentile. He found no reason for anyone to be harmed or verbally abused. He was very nice to all shipmates and never hit or yelled at anyone. Humphrey’s philosophy is against being rude or mean to others. This contrast between Wolf Larsen and Humphrey Van Weyden caused much conflict. Although Wolf Larsen and Humphrey Van Weyden got along, they were very different. Wolf was very mean and rough while Humphrey wasn’t. Throughout the story, the differences between the Wolf and Humphrey caused problems.At points the two differed in opinion on a topic and clashed. These clashed and mixes of ideas made the story more interesting and also gave two separate opinions to follow in the story. Although they were very different, Wolf Larsen and Humphrey Van Weyden’s conflicts in opinion made the story more interesting in reading. BIBLIOGRAPHY: * London, Jack. The Sea Wolf. NY: Macmillan, 1904. Print. * The Sea Wolf. Dir. Michael Curtiz. Perf. Alexander Knox and Edward G. Robinson. Warner Bros. Pictures, 1941. DVD.

Research Paper Trifles4 Essays

Research Paper Trifles4 Essays Research Paper Trifles4 Essay Research Paper Trifles4 Essay Essay Topic: Trifles Silence Killing Susan Glaspell’s â€Å"Trifles†, Suzy Clarkson Holstein and Judith Kay Russell give almost the same aspect of the story, one of the stories talk about the play being â€Å"dramatic and deceptive† and the other of being â€Å"artsy and silence justice† which both represents the story uniquely the same; which I agree with both articles meaning. The story is one about a woman who felt like a prisoner in her own home. The story is a play that becomes one of the most fulfilling of a nineteenth century love and killing of the spirit. I will be talking about the other articles that I have found about â€Å"Trifles†. Susan Glaspell wrote the play â€Å"Trifles† which originated in the 1900’s that is about a woman who lost her spirit and who quietly killed her husband from taking her spirit away from living a outgoing life. The play is about a murder that happened at a farmhouse and there is the sheriff and their wives looking for evidence of her silent killing of her husband. The story is a true mastery that only the women that are her neighbors knew where to look for evidence of Mrs. Write. Suzy Clarkson Holstein’s article is the â€Å"profound conflict between two models of perception and behavior† (282). The article gives a way of life of in the nineteenth-century of a woman’s actions and the men’s and moral choices of gender. It comes out to be a â€Å"power of silence† (283). It’s kind of a sexist kind of away, due to the fact the sheriff and officer was digging around in the garage, while the women were inside of the house, and found all of the evidence. This article gets in detail with the preserved fruits and the meaning of why there are all broken, just the thought of canning the fruit and preserving them. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peter are the sheriff and officers wife. While they dig around in Mrs. Write’s personal areas in the house, he find all of the evidence that Mrs. Write killed her husband.. They don’t show their husbands, they keep it silence also. They know how Mrs. Write feels, and why she did what she did.

HRM Innovation and Change Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

HRM Innovation and Change - Lab Report Example some employees of the existence of HRM policies and initiatives and the related positive impact on employee retention and overall HRM practices at these News Corporation media companies, the general agreement is that key performance indicators on the relative success of HRM initiatives have been gathering positive momentums at these media giants. Thus this paper has successfully established a set of positive correlations between a number of HRM related key performance indicators and the organizational outcomes especially concerning employee retention strategies at News Corporation. Particularly the environment and employee welfare related policies have shown a progressive improvement. Further employee retention strategies at News Corporation and labor turnover figures are interconnected in such a way that staff members have particularly been affected by a lack of concern for their negative experiences while dealing with customers. Finally this study has clearly identified a positive set of outcomes related to HRM practices and motivation thus News Corporation has acquired a greater dimension of integrity at the inner-house operational level on par with CSR initiatives. News Corporation is a global media company founded by Rupert Murdoch and is the world’s largest publisher of English language newspapers. Its operations span across a number of countries such as Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and so on. News Corporation has been faced with stiffer competition in both digital and conventional publishing and therefore it ought to design and implement some far superior and innovative HRM policies and initiatives. News Corporation has initiated a number of changes in the workforce management and HRM practices. Work ethics is differentially applied to generate enthusiasm among employees. Workers at News Corporation are motivated through a good mixture of both financial and non-financial benefits. Performance-related pay might encourage employees to

Impact of Emergence of Global Competitors on EU Essay

Impact of Emergence of Global Competitors on EU - Essay Example The European Union needs to restructure its economic policy in order to have an interest driven approach. The Chinese are willing to work with the emerging economies unlike Europe which is keen on majorly working with United States of America. Europe suffers from internal divisions, giving the Chinese a better competitive chance. The poor coordination between the member states of EU benefits Beijing directly. The euro zone does not depend on the European central bank when it comes to the bonds issue. Rather, it is dependent on various governments. The rise of emerging economies like China and India has an implication to the competitiveness of the EU. The union must have internally robust structures and engage the rising economies in a meaningful way in order to remain relevant. Regional competitiveness is defined as the ability of a locality to generate sustainable environment and attractive conditions to local residents and firms. Europe was perceived as a source of inspiration by the traditional Chinese revolutionaries. The post revolutionary generation has been looking to United States for the same. The economic interaction between China and Europe has been expanding from 2004. In 2011, the European foreign investment in China reached â‚ ¬17 billion. This was an all time high. The European exports to the Chinese economy are increasingly overtaking imports. In 2009 and 2011, the Chinese investments in Europe tripled to reach â‚ ¬7 billion. The growth was experienced in multiple sectors of the European Union economy. The debt crisis has caused the Chinese to turn to European bonds for investment. This paper discusses the emergence of global competitors and threat to the economic competitiveness of EU. The development of the china-EU relationship The bilateral trade structure There is a lack of a comprehensive reorientation in the way China approaches Europe. This attitude began after the fall of communism (Alon 2009). There is a lack of specific knowledge among the small countries in the EU. This means that some countries do not appreciate their role in the EU and EU-Sino relationships (Crossick & Reuter 2007). The weak or non-existent structures in the EU-China relationships have caused Germany and China to enjoy more trade compared to other European countries. Beijing has found it difficult to develop foreign policy towards Europe (Luo 2010). This is because of the parochial misapprehension and a bilateral trade structure that has suffered to from extreme weaknesses in the previous decades. Research shows a lack of mutual comprehension between China and Europe (Crossick & Reuter 2007). The European products are increasingly gaining access to China. China continues to view Europe as a zone for instability. The member states mu st assent to any agreements between Europe and China. This means that over 20 countries can influence such decisions through committees. This structure has made the bilateral ties slower to implement. The individual states of European Union come together under the policies on international affairs, human rights and liberalization (Wiessala et al 2009). London has been specifically vocal. A third of the budget of the European Union is spent trying to help China achieve the world trade organization standards (Wiessala et

Stats18 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stats18 - Essay Example Answer True False   Question 5    Measures of effect size, such as r2 or Cohen's d, are not greatly influenced by sample size. Answer True False Question 6    Measures of effect size, such as r2 or Cohen's d, are not greatly influenced by sample variance. Answer True False   Question 7    Which of the following is a major difference between a hypothesis test with the t statistic formula and the test with a z-score? Answer a. You must calculate the sample variance (or standard deviation) for the t statistic but not for the z-score. b. You must know the population variance (or standard deviation) for the z-score but not for the t statistic. c. You use the unit normal table to find critical values for the z-score test but not for the t test. d. All of the other options are major differences.   Question 8    If two samples are selected from the same population, under what circumstances will the two samples have exactly the same t statistic? Answer a. If the sample size ( n) is the same for both samples. b. If the samples are the same size and have the same mean. c. If the samples are the same size and have the same mean and have the same sample variance d. None of the other options are correct.   Question 9    A sample of n = 4 scores has SS = 48. What is the variance for this sample? Answer a. 12 b. 16 c. 4 d. 2   Question 10    A sample of n = 9 scores has SS = 72. What is the estimated standard error for the sample mean? Answer a. 9 b. 3 c. 1 d. cannot answer without knowing the sample mean   Question 11    Which set of sample characteristics is most likely to produce a significant t statistic? Answer a. a large sample size and a small sample variance b. a large sample size and a large sample variance c. a small sample size and a small sample variance d. a small sample size and a large sample variance   Question 12    A sample of n = 4 scores has SS = 48. What is the estimated standard error for this sample? Answer a. 12 b. 16 c. 4 d. 2   Question 13    When n is small (less than 30), the t distribution ____. Answer a. is almost identical in shape to the normal z distribution b. is flatter and more spread out than the normal z distribution c. is taller and narrower than the normal z distribution d. cannot be specified, making hypothesis tests impossible   Question 14    With ? = .01, the two-tailed critical region for a sample of n = 20 subjects would have boundaries of ____. Answer a. t =  ±2.845 b. t =  ±2.528 c. t =  ±2.539 d. t =  ±2.861   Question 15    As sample size increases ____. Answer a. the value of df also increases b. the t distribution becomes more like a normal distribution c. the critical values of t become smaller d. All of the other options are true as sample size increases.   Question 16    Two samples from the same population both have n = 10 scores with M = 45. If the t statistic is computed for each sample, then ____. Answer a. the two t statistics will be identic al b. the sample with the larger variance will produce the larger t statistic c. the sample with the smaller variance will produce the larger t statistic d. There is no way to predict the relationship between the two t statistics.   Question 17    In a hypothesis test using a t statistic, what is the influence of using a large sample? Answer a. A larger sample tends to lower the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis. b. A larger sample

Pathologies of Paranasal Sinuses on MDCT

Pathologies of Paranasal Sinuses on MDCT MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted at the Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging in collaboration with the Department of ENT, Department of Pathology, and Department of Microbiology, Batra Hospital and Medical Research Centre. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. CT PNS of the patients was evaluated for the cause of sinus complaints. Causes deduced from CT PNS were correlated with clinical/histopathological/surgical/ microbiological findings. STATISTICAL METHODS: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated, followed by use of Fischer Exact test. The research hypothesis and statistical methods were formed in consultation with the Biostatistician. SAMPLE SIZE (Annexure 6): 100 patients referred for evaluation of sinus complaints were enrolled in the study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria and taking written/verbal informed consent, over a period of July 2013 to April 2015. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with complaints like headache/nasal obstruction/discharge/hyposmia /swelling over cheek and with clinically suspected paranasal sinuses lesions referred for MDCT PNS evaluation. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Acute sinonasal inflammatory disease. Previous evidence of sinonasal surgery. All cases of trauma. ETHICAL ISSUES: The study was conducted after necessary approval from the Institutional review board and ethics committee. MDCT is a non-invasive modality. All safety and screening measures were undertaken as per the American College of Radiology practice guidelines for performing Computed Tomography. INSTRUMENTATION: Light VCT 64 slice MDCT of GE radical system with advanced workstation 4.3 GE. Protocol followed for MDCT PNS: 1. Scout : Lateral kV : 120 mA : 10 Scout Plane : 900 2. Axial Images kV : 120 mA : 120 Start/End : 0 to 74.3 Total Exposure Time : 5.4 sec Gantry tilt : 0 Interval : 0.625 mm Slice thickness : 0.625 mm Helical Scan Rotation Time : 0.6 sec Rotation Length : Full Pitch and Speed : 0.531:1 10.62 mm/rotation Detector Coverage : 20 mm SUMMARY The present study was conducted in Department of Radiodiagnosis, Batra hospital and medical research centre, New Delhi in close association with the department of ENT from July 2013 to April 2015. The aims and objectives of our study were to characterize pathologies of paranasal sinuses on MDCT, to delineate their anatomical location, extension and bony involvement and to correlate the multi detector computed tomography findings with clinical/surgical/histopathological/ microbiological findings. A total of 100 patients who came with complaints referring to nose and paranasal sinuses were included in the study. All patients were subjected to MDCT PNS after detailed clinical examination. The imaging findings are correlated with other investigations. Key imaging features considered were significant anatomical variations, site of involvement, bony and soft tissue changes, invasion of surrounding structures, pathognomic features and correlation with clinical complaints/surgical/pathological/microbiological findings. Among 100 patients in our study, there were 15 patients in 0 20 years age group, 36 patients in 21 40 years age group, 37 in 41 60 years age group and 12 were greater than 60 years. The age group of patients ranged from minimum of 9 months to maximum of 81 years. The highest number of patients were in 41 60 years age group. The study comprised of 65 males and 35 females. The number of male patients were higher than the female patients. The patients were divided into five categories: bacterial sinusitis, fungal sinusitis, benign tumors, malignant tumors, and miscellaneous. 84 patients presented with sub acute or chronic bacterial sinusitis, 4 patients were of fungal sinusitis, 4 patients presented with benign tumors, 3 patients with malignant tumors and 5 patients with other miscellaneous conditions. Various anatomical variations were encountered during our study. One or the other anatomic variation was found in 99 cases ( 99% ). Of the structures around ostiomeatal unit, giant bulla ethmoidalis was found in 35 cases, middle turbinate pneumatisation in 33 cases, paradoxical curvature of middle turbinate in 19 cases. Haller cell was found in 15 cases. Type 1 frontal sinus drainage pathway in 78 cases, type 2 frontal sinus drainage pathway in 21 cases. Deviated nasal septum with or without septal spur in 55 cases, inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 30 cases, accessory maxillary ostia in 26 cases, and agger nasi cell in 93 cases. Type 1 optic nerve course was found in 53 cases, type 2 in 14 cases, type 3 in 9 cases, and type 4 optic nerve course along with Onodi cells in 23 cases. Type 1 anterior clinoid process pneumatisation was found in 10 cases, type 2 pneumatisation in 1 case. Sphenoid septum lateral attachment in 7 cases, and sphenoid sinus septum pneumatisation in 14 cases. Among 84 patients with bacterial sinusitis, 26 patients presented with sporadic pattern, 23 patients with infundibular pattern, 23 patients with ostiomeatal unit pattern, 8 patients with polyposis pattern, and 4 patients with sphenoid recess pattern. The various causative factors which came across in infundibular pattern were Haller cells in 6 cases, giant bulla ethmoidalis in 6 cases, uncinate process pneumatisation in 1 case, and mucoperiosteal thickening in 10 cases. The various causative factors for ostiomeatal pattern which were found during our study were: inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 6 cases, giant bulla ethmoidalis in 6 cases, deviated nasal septum with or without septal spur in 4 cases, concha bullosa in 3 cases, concha lamella in 2 cases, agger nasi cell in 1 case, and paradoxical middle turbinate in 1 case. The various findings which were encountered in bacterial sinusitis in our study were: mucoperiosteal thickening in 84 cases, ostiomeatal unit block in 31 patients, bone thickening in 20 patients, bone thinning in 8 cases, and bone sclerosis in 6 patients. Among 4 patients with fungal sinusitis, the various findings were: bilateral / multisinus involvement was found in 4 cases, expansion of any involved sinus was found in 4 cases, intrasinus hyperdensity was found in 4 cases. Bony thinning was found in 4 cases, bony erosions and nasal cavity involvement was found in 3 cases. The various findings in 4 cases of benign tumors seen ( 1 inverted papilloma, 1 juvenile angiofibroma and 2 ivory osteomas ) were: bony thinning in 2 cases, bony remodelling in 2 cases, multisinus involvement in 2 cases, intracranial extension in 1 case, and intra orbital extension in 1 case. Bony destruction, bone thickening/sclerosis, and calcification were not seen in any of the cases. Among 3 cases of malignant tumors (squamous cell carcinoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and esthesioneuroblastoma), various findings were: : Bony destruction in 3 cases, bony thinning in 3 cases, bony remodelling in 0 cases, multisinus involvement in 2 cases, intracranial extension in 2 cases, and intra orbital extension in 2 cases. Bone thickening/sclerosis, and calcification were not seen in any of the cases. Under miscellaneous category we encountered one case each of periapical cyst, oro-antral fistula, granulomatous polyangitis, monostotic fibrous dysplasia, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. In our study we found sensitivity and specificity for bacterial sinusitis as 100% and 94.11% respectively. The fungal sinusitis had sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 100% respectively. Benign, malignant tumors and others had sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The diagnostic accuracy for bacterial sinusitis and fungal sinusitis was 99%, and the diagnostic accuracy of benign, malignant tumors and other miscellaneous conditions was 100%. The p value was obtained after applying Fischer Exact test. The p value obtained was statistically significant for all the disease conditions. Based on the statistical values it can be inferred that multi detector computed tomography is useful to characterize paranasal sinuses lesions and also delineation of anatomical location, extension and bony involvement. There are certain limitations in our study. Our findings cannot be generalised to the whole population because of the limited sample size. However, our findings add value to the research done. The role of contrast cannot be adequately studied. The role of MRI in various paranasal sinus pathologies was not evaluated. CONCLUSION Paranasal sinus diseases are very commonly encountered problems in clinical practice. Clinical assessment alone is not sufficient to reach a diagnosis, as the presentation of most of the conditions is nonspecific. Imaging forms the mainstay not only in making correct diagnosis, but also to know the extent of lesion, pre-operative assessment of the sinonasal anatomy and commonly encountered anatomic variations. X ray has low sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. CT is highly sensitive and specific in determining the presence of paranasal sinus pathology and clearly demonstrates the complex anatomy. The introduction of multi detector CT has transformed the axial imaging modality into a volumetric one and allows the pathology to be displayed in any desired plane. The capability of thin-section acquisition improves visualisation of tiny pathological details, and the isotropic nature of high spatial resolution data sets enables display in multiple planes, obviating image acquisition in prone or hyper extended patient position. Recommendations: 1. MDCT has proved to be highly sensitive in classifying the lesions into clinically relevant categories, making diagnosis and more so in knowing the extent of involvement with a high diagnostic accuracy. 2. MDCT is an indispensible tool before Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) to accurately delineate the fine bony details that contribute to disease and also can predispose to complications which can be fatal. 3. MDCT is very useful in predicting the diagnosis of fungal sinusitis by the presence of intrasinus hyperdensity, granulomatous diseases by the presence of nasal septal perforation and intracranial or intraorbital invasion, malignancy by bone destruction and invasion. 4. MDCT can tailor the surgery according to the extent of disease. It helps in determining the prognosis of the malignant tumors depending on the site and extent of the disease. It can also obviate the need for surgery in certain conditions like polyposis. 5. MRI can be problem solving tool in differentiating inflammatory sinonasal diseases from tumors, and also for the presence of intracranial or intraorbital extension. 6. However, MRI alone cannot be performed in the evaluation of paranasal sinus diseases because of the problem of signal voids. It has to be supplemented by CT. 7. MDCT is the preferred initial modality of all imaging studies available because of its ease, availability, accuracy, precision and low cost. 1

Comparing the Use of Setting in The Shawl and The Portable Phonograph E

Use of Setting in "The Shawl" and "The Portable Phonograph"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In literature, setting is often used to enhance or develop characters, provide realism, and create a mood or atmosphere for a story (Roberts 256). Two short stories, "The Shawl" by Cynthia Ozick and Walter Van Tillburg Clark’s "The Portable Phonograph" explore victims of war in the vivid settings that the authors have created. Although both works are vague as to geographic setting and place in time, the authors’ detailed descriptions of the character’s surroundings envelop the reader and lend an air of authenticity to the tales (Kauvar 180). "The Shawl" and "The Portable Phonograph" differ in their treatment of symbolism and characterization but their ingenious use of setting to create a theme unites these two stories. "The Shawl" and "The Portable Phonograph" both open with intense, haunting descriptions; Ozick shocks readers with her portrayal of "the Holocaust in searingly vivid sensory impressions" (Watson 892) and Clark dedicates his first three paragraphs to describing a desolate, war torn plain devoid of almost all life. Clark immediately creates a sense of a dangerous, foreboding world, describing a "sensation of torment" that "arose from the stillness of the earth air beneath the violence of the upper air" (Roberts 260). The reader is left with an impression, filled with detail, but moreover, overflowing with emotion. "The Shawl" and "The Portable Phonograph" contain objects that are critical to the stories and to the mental states of the characters contained within. In the former story, the Rosa believes the shawl protects her baby from the horrors of the Holocaust, the scrap of cloth provides her with hope that the next generation wi... ...rough their thoughts. The settings in these two stories act as more than simply a backdrop for a tale, they are used "to create meaning, just as painters include backgrounds and objects to render ideas" (Roberts 255).    Works Cited Kauvar, Elaine M. Cynthia Ozick’s Fiction: Tradition and Invention. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. Magill, Frank N. ed. Critical Survey of Short Fiction, Vol. 2. Pasadena: Salem Press,1993. Roberts, Edgar V. and Jacobs, Henry E. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1998. Sheehy, Gail. Spirit of Survival. New York: William Morrow and Co., 1986. Stine, Jean C. ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 28. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1984. Watson, Noelle, ed. Reference Guide to Short Fiction. Detroit: St. James Press, 1994.   

Health Care Finance Essay

Complete the following table by writing responses to the questions. Cite the sources in the text and list them at the bottom of the table. What criterion must be met for true comparability? Consistency, verification and unit measurement must all be met in order for true criteria. (Chp.14, pg.151) What elements of consistency should be considered? Provide an example. The elements of consistency that should be considered is time periods, consistent methodology, and inflation factors. An example of a time period would be that you could not compare a ten month time period to a twelve month period instead you would annualize the ten month period. An example of consistent methodology would be to use the same method throughout the entire time period. An example of inflation factors would be if expenses are expended then it is expected for expenses to increase. (Chp.14, pg.151-152) What is the manager’s responsibility in comparing data? The manager’s responsibility in comparing data is to recall and apply the elements of consistency. This is critical because the consistency of data will be used to make decisions. (Chp.14, pg.152) What are the four common uses of comparative data? The four common uses of comparative data are compare current expenses to current budget, compare current actual expenses to prior periods in own organization, compare to other organizations, and compare to industry standards. (Chp.14, pg.153-157) What is meant by standardized data? Standardized data is data that aids in comparability. (Chp.14, pg.161)

Poetry and Catalog Poem A.i Essay Example

Poetry and Catalog Poem A.i Essay Example Poetry and Catalog Poem A.i Essay Poetry and Catalog Poem A.i Essay I. Examine the title and text for symbolism b. Images b. I. Identify the images and sensory details c. Figures of Speech c. I. Analyze figurative language and other devices d. Tone and Theme d. I. Discuss how all devices reveal tone and theme II. Reading Skills and Strategies a. Look for punctuation b. Do not make a full stop at the end off line if there is no period, comma, colon, semicolon, or dash c. If the poem is difficult to understand, look for the subject, verb, and complement of each sentence Ill. Vocabulary Terms a. Catalog Poem a. I. The repetition of items in the list creates a rolling rhythm when the poem is read aloud b. Repetition b. I. Refers to sounds, words, phrases, or lines that are states or used more than once in a poem c. Alliteration c. I. Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words d. Assonance d. I. Repetition of similar vowel sounds that are followed by different consonant sounds e. Personification e. I. An animal given human-like qualities or an object given life-like qualities f. Onomatopoeia f. I. Word or phrase that imitates the sound made by something else g. Oxymoron g. I. Figure of speech which contradictory terms appear side by side h. Hyperbole h. I. Figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion or create comic effect I. Idiom I. I. Expression that meaner something different from the literal meaning of each word j. Allusion j. I. Reference to a statement, person, place, or an event V. Poetry Analysis a. What is the poem about? B. Number of stanzas? C. Number of lines per stanza? D. Speaker? E. Rhyme scheme? F. Examples of repetition? G. Examples of imagery? H. Examples of symbolism? V. Catalog Poem The bored looks on the students in the room And the teachers excited voice ringing through the room VI. Free verse a. As I walk outside a gush of winds blows my hair back The crisp cool air slithers between my fingers The Goosebumps rise on my body VI. Types of Poetry a. Narrative a. I. Tells a story or recounts events b. Dramatic b. I. Tells a story but focuses on character c. Lyric c. I. Present the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker VIII. Form and Structure a. Written in lines b. Lines are grouped together in stanzas c. Lines and words are arranged on a page is its form X. Sound a. Rhyme, meter, and word choice are the key sound devices b. Rhyme is the repetition of sounds at the ends of words b. I. Internal rhyme b. I. L. Use of rhyming words within a line b. Ii. End Rhyme b. Ii. L . Use of rhymes at the ends of lines X. Rhythm a. Pattern of sound created by stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry b. Meter is a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllable c. Form can affect its rhythm X. Free Verse a. Does not contain regular patterns of rhythm or rhyme b. No fixed line lengths or stanzas XII. Imagery and Figurative Language .

Norman Bethune essays

Norman Bethune essays Henry Norman Bethune (1890-1939) was a unique Canadian. He was also a teacher, and a tireless and inventive surgeon. His medical advances and techniques saved many lives. He gave his time and his talents in an effort to bring healing into a suffering world. For the thousands of people he served in Canada, the United States, Span and China, Norman Bethune has been a shining example of the Canadian spirit. Norman Bethune married Frances Penny, a young Scottish woman in 1923. After completing studies in Europe, Bethune and Frances moved to Detroit where Bethune set up his medical Practice. Between 1929 and 1936, Dr. Bethune invented over a dozen medical and surgical instruments in Montreal. He also advocated socialized medicine and formed the Montreal Group for the Security of People's Health to provide proper health care to those who needed it most. Bethune was a complex, volatile man. His interests were not only medical and political, but also literary and artistic. He created a free art school for children in Montreal. Bethune left Canada to serve as a doctor in the Spanish Civil War in 1936. In Madrid, he did pioneering work with blood transfusions and set up the world's first mobile medical unit. On January 2, 1938, not knowing that it would be the last time he saw Canada, Bethune went to China to aid the Chinese people who were under attack by the Japanese. He died on November 12, 1939 at Huang Shiko, China. Dr. Bethune set an example of personal sacrifice and commitment which made a permanent impression on China. Today, the Canadian government created Bethune Memorial House in Gravenhurst, Ontario where Bethune was born. In China, next to his tomb, people also built a museum dedicated to him. Norman Bethune dedicated his life to the service of others. His efforts as a humanitarian during times of war in Spain and China have earned him hero status. Bethune's life and actions have had a tremendous impact all over the world. ...

Crosstalk IT Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Crosstalk IT - Coursework Example The first type of coupling or conductive coupling is a result of the establishment of physical contact between conductors. Inductive crosstalk results when the current passing through a single conductor results in the generation of a similar current in another conductor. The third type of crosstalk or capacitive coupling is the resultant of the coming together of two or more conductors such that they begin to act as a capacitor. Figure 1: Introduction to Crosstalk. Source: polarinstruments.com Crosstalk may be PREVENTED by enabling the positioning of conductors to be at respective distances. Instead, the introduction of insulation between the conductors may also result in the lessening of crosstalk. Practically it is not possible to separate out wires in distances therefore the option for insulation is better. Crosstalk due to inductive capacitance may be eliminated by twisted the inducing cables around each other. The inter-wound cables are often referred to as twisted pair cables. The way crosstalk gets reduced is due to the reduction of the field size cross section on which crosstalk may occur. Thus electromagnetic interference gets reduced considerably. Digital signals are often affected less or not at all by crosstalk. The signals mostly affected are those that are analogue in nature. The term has been chosen owing to my personal experience of handling issues related to it in my organization. The networking setup had old fixtures within the entire organizational setup and had to be replaced with better cables that proposed reduced interferences and thus lesser possibilities of crosstalk. CAT 6 CABLE Ethernet or LAN to put simply is the means by which the computer systems present within a closed area are connected together into a network via hardware cables. The cables used for the said process are of various standards. CAT 6 Cable is one of them. The technology of the Ethernet is integral for organizational networks and so is the presence of CAT 6 cable in it. Figure 2 Cat 6 Cable. Source: http://www.openxtra.co.uk/articles/category-6-cat6-cable It is given the name CAT 6 because it belongs to the sixth generation of cables that have been made for the Ethernet technology. Specifically it may be said that it supports the following gigabit Ethernet technologies: 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T/1000BASE-TX. The cable consists of eight wires just like its predecessor Cat 5 cable. However it is different from its former version in the manner that it makes use of all its 4 pairs in data transfer. The Category 6 Cable was used in the establishment of the Local Area Network of the Organization for which I work. The selection and successful installation of this cable was my task and that is how I encountered it. This cable was preferred over the rest of the available option because it is the latest version of cables that complies fully with the standard Ethernet Protocols fo Data Transfer and provides efficient data transfer without any da ta loss. MP3 MP3 is a short form of MPEG-2 Audio Layer III. It is a standard format for digital music storage that was designed by Motion Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) around mid-1990s. High quality audio files can be created using this standard with extremely optimized storage space. MP3 format is widely used over the internet to share and transfer audio files. How the magic of MP3 works. The

Governing the Uk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Governing the Uk - Essay Example Political power has been devolved to new ranks of government, the judiciary has been mandated to review the government actions with a lot of powers, introduction of new systems of electing representatives have been devised, second chamber membership has been reorganized, authority over monetary control has been delegated to an independent body, access to formal information has been slackened and the way political parties are being funded has been reviewed. There are some consequences that have been observed as a result of these reforms on Britain’s political structure, though they endure silence regarding their impacts. Some are devoted to impacts of reforms, but pay attention to individual bodies or institutions, instead of looking at the impacts of several reforms realized jointly. Even though these tremendous changes have been witnessed, there are several reforms that need to be tackled due to everyday emergence of new political shifts. This stands to be the right time to a sk some questions regarding institutions and policies that need changes to sustain development in the United Kingdom for the next reasonable century. This latter will try to outline some few changes needed in some institutions to foster growth. The United Kingdom has several structural flaws, witnessed in years of insufficient durable skills investment, innovation and infrastructure. Investment failure is firmly grounded as a result of inability to acquire even planning, tactical vision and partisan consensus on the required policy outline to support development and growth. Radical changes are needed especially in the parliamentary sectors. Britain parliament has always been mandated to oversee most of infrastructural developments geared towards Britain realizing its economic development. At the same time, Parliament also steers infrastructural development in Africa especially to African countries who are members of the European Union. According to parliamentary reports, economic in frastructure responsible for water, communications transport and power is the main engine to kick out poverty. It supports economic development and significant economic growth. Accessing necessary infrastructure still remains a challenge with a reasonable number of Africans still in dire need for these infrastructures. United Kingdom government through its parliament spend billions of dollars in funding these developments of which is appropriate since Africa is also a major business partner; the question procedures involved in undertaking these transactions. It is not breaking news to hear of funds embezzlement set for such projects, this triggers a lot of question in a common citizen’s mind on how tax pay is being spent. The parliament has been awarded power to oversee these projects but they still do face a lot of challenges. For parliament to realize effective outcome, one of my major recommendations is the formation of an infrastructure commission and board management. Th is board’s strategy is to give independent skilled intelligence to parliament to aid it in prioritizing infrastructure development. Stronger support can be fostered through the infrastructure management commission whose mandate would be to ensure implementations of these priorities. At the same time the commission should have authority to share these benefits with those who stand a chance of losing from these

Traditional Preoperative Fasting And ASA Preoperative Fasting Research Proposal

Traditional Preoperative Fasting And ASA Preoperative Fasting - Research Proposal Example In addition, the study also aims to identify if there is a significant difference between shorter-duration fasting and longer-duration fasting in prevention of the risk for aspiration. The study would intend to benefit the patients as discomforts experienced during fasting such as thirst, hunger, pain, nausea, vomiting, and anxiety (Brady, Kinn & Stuart, 2003, n.p.) will be addressed in the study. Theoretical Framework No appropriate theoretical frameworks were identified. Instead, illustrate the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal system during fasting prior to a preoperative procedure. Discuss complications such as aspiration and how does and when will it possibly occur in most instances (Soreide, Eriksson, Hirlekar, Eriksson, Henneberg, Sandin, & Raeder, 2005, 1041). Literature Review – how extensive, steps, evidence of nursing practice Extensive review of literatures is necessary in order to support the hypothesis and justify the findings of the study. Steps nec essary are identification of the key concepts/phrases to search such as â€Å"fasting in the preoperative period† and â€Å"ASA guidelines in preoperative period.† After the right key search, proper search strategy of related literatures will be made in electronic databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists from relevant articles in the preoperative fasting. Literatures must include findings during medical practice in the 90’s and year 2000 and up to determine advances made in the practice of perioperative fasting and to analyze the outcome of both traditional and ASA preoperative fasting guidelines. Google scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Wiley Online Library contain electronic sources with an array of related journals, studies, and literatures that can... No appropriate theoretical frameworks were identified. Instead, illustrate the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal system during fasting prior to a preoperative procedure. Discuss complications such as aspiration and how do and when will it possibly occur in most instances (Hirlekar, Eriksson, Henneberg, Sandin, & Raeder, 2005, 1041).Literature Review – how extensive, steps, evidence of nursing practiceAn extensive review of literature is necessary in order to support the hypothesis and justify the findings of the study. Steps necessary are the identification of the key concepts/phrases to search such as "fasting in the preoperative period" and "ASA guidelines in the preoperative period." After the right key search, proper search strategy of related literature will be made in electronic databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists from relevant articles in the preoperative fasting. Literature must include findings during medical practice in the 90’s and year 2000 and up to determine advances made in the practice of perioperative fasting and to analyze the outcome of both traditional and ASA preoperative fasting guidelines. Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Wiley Online Library contain electronic sources with an array of related journals, studies, and literature that can support the study also with evidence-based nursing practice. Sample Characteristics/ Sampling MethodA randomized controlled trial or sampling method will be used in the pursuit of the study.

Ajax Minerals and Perrier Essay Example for Free

Ajax Minerals and Perrier Essay Ajax Minerals and Perrier 1. Identify two (2) sources of resistance to change in the Ajax Minerals exercise and describe how the organization dealt with each type of resistance. Ajax mining association had been trying their hardest all the way, it also has confronted a few issues. The administration had been seeing that in the middle of three to four years, Pacific Rim association could mine alongside shipping comparative Minerals to US and such things could present more prominent rivalry for the Ajax. The administration has been ready to do something on sudden premise even though it has confronted a few difficulties. Since there had been the correspondence hole among the administration and laborers, by this way specialists didnt give a second thought of the current position of the association alongside those difficulties, which the administration had been confronting. Management saw danger alongside simply that they had been mindful about that. Managers alongside of the rest of the specialists of the associations who had been chipping away at hourly premise may not see such risk about rivalry. Also they had been of the conviction that the associations had been running in the remarkable position along with them and there had been no trouble being confronted through Management. They may very well see that associations work had been going round the clock and in addition this had been profiting inside the business. Second issue, which the association had been confronting at the risky stage, had been poorer relationship among Management furthermore work. There had been the history in the Ajax of terrible run changes. Pessimism stirs inside the working group alongside there had not been backing from any side to anyone. Situation deteriorated thereafter, that even while Management has chosen of doing anything of that,  laborers used getting suspicious of Managements choices alongside they may start suspecting that associations had been going to influence them most exceedingly bad either with respect to pay or as to alternate offices. On account of those issues, Management realized that, whatever choice they have been taking, at completion of laborers couldnt favor of working with the association alongside they could leave. Administration may overcome such trouble exactly when administrators alongside specialists may comprehend this situation. Thusly Ajax Management started building the connectio n inside directors alongside administrators through having the intuitive sessions including both. In the past, Management has taken choices without including anyone from laborers side (Jeffrey, 2012). Later for keeping those prior mix-ups alongside for building the certainty inside those specialists, they have done those smart sessions and additionally in the middle of those sessions they have talked about stories of rest of different associations. They have taken after the Open book approach in that they have given the right to gain entrance towards information of the fiscal execution to the workers of Ajax. It turned into the routine practice in which directors, managers alongside specialists may meet week after week and in addition impart its exhibitions. Those practices assembled the fresher kind of participation with laborers of association. 2. Identify two (2) sources of resistance to change in the Perrier case study and describe how the organization dealt with each type of resistance. Perrier association has brought numerous choices alongside Nestle purchased Perrier. More up to date Management of the Nestle brought a few choices alongside rolled out specific improvements in example of work for keeping up improvement of the association (Austin, 2012). There have been a few focuses that have assumed part about safety in progressions brought through the Perrier association. More current administration of the Nestle has watched the current circumstance of the association alongside has attempted to settle association. Since administration had completely separate the laborers, there had been a lesser correspondence among Management and additionally workers. Administration has presented numerous changes such as that they didnt educate their workers of the progressions inside creation alongside the rest of the progressions. Whats more, their representatives felt that such changes had not been mandatory for development of the association  furthermore they had not been prepared to convey comparative execution in past. The majority of their workers felt that those unnecessary changes in generation alongside the rest of the fields may improve its workload. Workers saw negative effects of those progressions on a few variables like its status, rewards, pay rates, choices and a lot of people more. The representatives had identified with the progressions for thems elves and how it had influencing them, separated from with impacts for achievement of the business. Second real safety in change had been the nearby mindedness of association’s parts, which fail to offer the improvement alongside collaboration. General choice making from administration has side influenced laborers severely, which they started averting dangers to association, alongside separated they got aware of its individual preferences alongside dangers that had been relied upon to them. Such thing has influenced choice making criteria alongside it has constructed the negative thinking inside representatives against administration. There had been a prerequisite for Management for corresponding with laborers alongside the rest of the parts unmistakably of changes that have been being created inside the association. Results of above-termed resistances had been brought through association. Real result had been lying being developed of the transitional space inside the laborers alongside Management. Since Perrier association had now been possessed through Nestle also there ha d been the hole among the two managements concerning the working circumstance, society and countries, by that way those things need to be conveyed inside all parts accordingly, and that could be the principle focused on advancement for effective business. Such thing has helped Management to know imperativeness of social contrasts, which have not been immaterial alongside may not be disregarded. Consequently, Management has understood that differences has in this manner been the fundamental alongside the essential component being developed alongside achievement of its association even in the middle of the fringes. 3. Compare and contrast how management diagnosed and approached change at the two (2) companies and indicate which company dealt with resistance to change in a more effective manner. Justify the reasoning. Execution of both associations may be diagnosed all things considered: As Management had completely adjusted with the situation of Perrier association and there had been the trouble in framing the communication with specialists for  Management, consequently Management first took choice of wiping out the correspondence hole. They have attempted of developing the solid relationship with laborers thusly that they had been ri ght for building the certainty inside them alongside getting their one hundred percent productivity. Ajax Minerals went past its cutoff points. They realized that the association with Management alongside laborers had not been, best case scenario subsequently they furthermore attempted to construct correspondence among their Management alongside specialists through doing week by week gatherings with the specialists and additionally directors. Be that as it may they have examined few more data with its specialists, which for the most part no association does. They have demonstrated their money related execution information to the specialists for making them effectively comprehend its available position inside business. Both of associations Managements took very compelling choices according to its situations alongside they attempted of fathoming their present issues for leaving trouble. On the other hand, as per my assumption, Management of Ajax has improved concerning choice making. Purpose for that has been that Management of Ajax has manufactured the long haul relationship with dir ectors alongside laborers. They took the whole group along in every choice making procedure furthermore keep whole group mindful about the progressions, which they had been going to make. They started doing week by week gatherings with specialists, which had been very mandatory in building the solid correspondence with the workers and through that, laborers got to improve its certainty inside the Management. They brought their chance alongside acted according to thusly there had been no idea about pessimism of administration. Second best thing, which Ajax Management had done, is examining the budgetary execution among specialists. As it has been bit dangerous however to increase complete certainty of the laborers in the harder situation, those sorts of activities have been necessary. Side by side with those deliberations, Ajax Management has vault one more exertion in talking about execution alongside methodologies of the rest of the associations in such a harder situation consequently, to the point that specialists got to know of needs of Management along with that those that had not been difficult to satisfy in conclusion. 4. Consider a situation as a consultant wit h Ajax Management. Propose two (2) adjustments that should  be made to improve its change strategy and provide a justification as to why those adjustments would improve the effectiveness of the strategy. Being the advisor of the Ajax Management, I ought to propose those alterations towards the changed methodology. The primary thing, which makes issues have been the absence of mindfulness about issues of the associations inside specialists. Also, it has been the reason specialists dont incline toward of giving the extra work in any situation. I may lean toward of keeping laborers completely mindful about all situations, which have been confronted through association, not just with issues however with certain positive viewpoints about association additionally. Side by side, they must be furnished with the data of every laborer alongside their exhibitions through doing week by week gatherings. They must talk about focuses on that they have been ready to accomplish alongside for the most elevated targets, they must be given the high remunerates with respect to rewards accordingly that they would not have any issue with Management. Second conformity, which I need to propose, has been that there must be benevolent society among laborers, chiefs and Management. Purpose behind that has been that, when there has been the inviting society among them, there could be no negative considering anyone furthermore of the Management alongside their choices. Administration may feel free while taking choices and also laborers could feel free of climbing any grumble when they have any issue as to choices of Management, separated from that giving the abdication letter. 5. Consider a situation as a consultant with Perrier. Propose at least two (2) adjustments that should be made to improve its change strategy and provide a justification as to why those adjustments would increase the effectiveness of the strategy. Being expert with the Perrier, I may propose those changes for upgrading the change method of association. Since Perrier has been the association having completely separate society, having separate working criteria alongside laborers in examination to the Nestle, I could have proposed that much in the wake of fusing with the Nestle, Perrier must keep choice making force with itself. As Perriers individual Management realizes that their specialists alongside its attitude matches with each other alongside being its individual supervisor, Management couldnt take any choice, which could hurt the preferences alongside offices, which have given to their representatives at expense of the association. In actuality,  worker could likewise not have any protest on choices taken through Management as they realize that those have been choices taken through its individual Management alongside them couldnt provide for its laborers any mischief. On account of that, specialists couldnt lose its enthusiasm toward function and Management furthermore they could be working with a great deal more enthusiasm and also potential for bringing the association out of the awful situation. Both, Management alongside laborers may fabricate inspirational state of mind of each an alternate alongside no cynicism could influence gainfulness and in addition advancement of the association (Tomlin son, 2004). Second principle step, which I may take being the specialist of association, I could favor taking every choice of the association after dialog and in addition aggregate supposition from all specialists alongside Management parts. As this has not been attainable to examine every choice among all laborers, accordingly for the representatives union in control must be termed and in addition Management must talk about matter among him furthermore his assessment should, whats more, be given inclination. Such thing would help the association bringing viable choices alongside would assemble the certainty inside their representatives of their choices of progressions and also workers would be intrigued of working with full certainty. This report portrays how safety may harm choice making methodology of any association however how the compelling Management may tackle every one of those Management issues. The best Management has been the particular case that brings all laborers alongside Managem ent parts along and also redirects all its exertions towards positive bearing for creating the association and side by side specialists. References Austin, A. (2012). Management 6681. Problems at Perrier. SAGE learning. Jeffrey, H. (2012). Change Management: The people side of change, paperback edition. Prosci Learning Center Publications. Tomlinson, R. (2004). Waters at Perrier. Retrieved from: http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2004/11/29/8192716/index.htm

A Walk In The Clouds - A Wonderland Called Sentiment Essay example --

In an era when harsh actuality of everyday life propels one to the realm of insanity, to a pharmaceutically induced sleep, or to a dreadful state of existence, it is a pleasure for a fairytale world to engulf an individual. Although for only a brief time of ninety minutes, that ninety minutes is as refreshing as a relaxing soak in a warm tub of water. â€Å"A Walk in the Clouds† provides the means of escape by way of a delightful romantic fantasy. At a time when movies seem compelled to be asocial, when it is more effortless to smirk than to sigh, this film refreshingly takes us to a dream world, if only for a time.Director Alfonso Arau brings sentiment to a story set in post-World War II California. Paul Sutton (Keanu Reeves) has returned home to a wife he married only one day before shipping out. Having nothing in common, Paul sets out from San Francisco first by train then on a bus. On the train he meets Victoria Aragon (Aitana Sanchez-Gijon). After mistaking train tickets, he and she end up on the same bus. He defends her honor by kicking the rear ends of two ruffians. Moreover, in doing so, is kicked off the bus. He finds his damsel in distress, Victoria, her sitting on one of her suitcases and crying in the middle of the road. This is her home, the Napa Valley of California.The road is picturesque, a rural path with overhanging trees, and the perfect beginning for a storybook romance. She confesses to a pregnancy by her college professor and the shame she will bring upo...

The Sixties Scoop in Canada

Critical Social Work School of Social Work University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, Ont. Canada N9B 3P4 Email: [email  protected] ca Website: http://www. uwindsor. ca/criticalsocialwork/ Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information can be found at: http://uwindsor. ca/criticalsocialwork The online version of this article can be found at at: http://uwindsor. ca/criticalsocialwork/the http://uwindsor. ca/criticalsocialwork/the-sixties-scoop-implications-for-social-workers workers-andsocial-work-educationCritical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11 o. 1 11, Online publication date: May 2010 53 Alston-O’Connor The Sixties Scoop: Implications for Social Workers and Social Work Education Critical Social Work 11(1) Emily Alston-O’Connor, BSW Abstract This paper examines issues concerning First Nations peoples and the child welfare system, and their implications for social work today. It explores the Sixties Scoop to illustrate the devast ating impact such policies and practices had on Aboriginal children, families and communities. Cultural genocide is part of this legacy.To deliver more culturally appropriate services, awareness about and acknowledgement of these mistakes can assist social workers to incorporate a social justice perspective into their practice with Aboriginal clients. As well, implications for social work education regarding professional training, curriculum content and course delivery by Aboriginal faculty members are highlighted The Sixties Scoop: Implications for Social Workers and Social Work Education Religious leaders and the government of Canada have apologized to First Nations peoples for the abusive experiences they endured in the residential school ystem. However, the closure of the residential schools did not end the attempt to assimilate Aboriginal children into mainstream Anglo-Canadian society through separation from their families. A sudden acceleration in child welfare workers removi ng Native children from their Aboriginal communities coincided with the dismantling of the church run education system. As the next painful chapter in the history of the colonization of Canada’s Aboriginal peoples, the Sixties Scoop quickly evolved into an aggressive tool for assimilation and cultural genocide.Its legacy has implications for social work practice today. Origins of the Sixties Scoop Governments in the mid 20th century viewed Aboriginal people as â€Å"child-like creatures in constant need of the paternal care of the government. With guidance, they would gradually abandon their superstitious beliefs and barbaric behaviour and adopt civilization† (Titley, 1992, p. 36). Segregated day and residential schools had failed to meet the goals of assimilation: most former students did not embrace the Euro-Canadian identity.The Parliamentary committee examining the Indian Act between 1946 and 1948 rejected the existing policy and proposed Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11, No. 1 54 Alston-O’Connor instead the integration of young Indians into public schools (Titley, 1992). Concurrently, the Department of Indian Affairs created agreements with the provinces to take primary responsibility for children’s general welfare within their own provincial agencies (Armitage, 1995). As residential schools became discredited, the child welfare system became the new agent of assimilation and colonization (Johnson, 1983).Returning to their reserves and bands, many residential school students felt alienated and overwhelmed. Growing up in the residential school system, Aboriginal children were not given role models to look up to. They were not shown affection nor taught how to love or care for others. They had few traditional child-rearing skills from their own parents and relatives to rely on (Armitage, 1995). This had detrimental effects on the families of survivors of the residential schools for the generations of children who followed (Four nier and Crey, 1997).During the era of the Sixties Scoop, Kulusic (2005) suggests that â€Å"power, privilege and poverty are complexly related to the disproportionate number of Aboriginal children who were removed from their own communities† (p. 26). Unfamiliar with extended family child-rearing practices and communal values, government social service workers attempted to ‘rescue’ children from their Aboriginal families and communities, devastating children’s lives and furthering the destitution of many families.Culture and ethnicity were not taken into consideration as it was assumed that the child, being pliable, would take on the heritage and culture of the foster/adoptive parents (Armitage, 1995). The forced removal of children and youth from their Native communities has been linked with social problems such as â€Å"high suicide rate, sexual exploitation, substance use and abuse, poverty, low educational achievement and chronic unemployment† ( Lavell-Harvard and Lavell, 2006, p. 144).Newly designated funds from the federal to the provincial governments were â€Å"the primary catalysts for state involvement in the well-being of Aboriginal children†¦as Ottawa guaranteed payment for each child apprehended† (Lavell-Harvard and Lavell, 2006, p. 145). Exporting Aboriginal children to the United States was common practice. Private American adoption agencies paid Canadian child welfare services $5,000 to $10,000 per child (LavellHarvard and Lavell, 2006). These agencies rarely went beyond confirming the applicant’s ability to pay, resulting in minimal screening and monitoring of foster or adoptive parents (Fournier and Crey, 1997).In 1959, only one percent of all children in care were of Native ancestry. By the late 1960s, â€Å"30 to 40 percent of all legal wards of the state in Canada were Aboriginal children, even though they formed less than 4 percent of the national population† (Fournier and Crey, 1 997, p. 83). At the height of the Scoop, one in four status Indian children were separated from his or her parents for all or part of their childhood; for non-status and Metis children, one in three spent part of their childhood as a legal ward of the state (Fournier and Crey, 1997).Social welfare policies allowed government agencies to â€Å"continue to remove Aboriginal children from their homes and communities and damage Aboriginal culture and traditions all the while claiming to act in the best interest of the child† (Johnson, 1983, p. 24). The permanent removal of thousands of Aboriginal children during the Sixties Scoop laid the foundation for more complex, destructive effects on First Nations communities and culture with repercussions extending beyond their lifetimes. Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 1, No. 1 55 Alston-O’Connor Cultural Genocide and Loss of Identity The loss of their children caused irrevocable mental, emotional and spiritual harm to individuals, families and communities. â€Å"Indian children were taken away like souvenirs by professionals who were supposed to be helping the whole family† (Fournier and Crey, 1997, p. 91). The actions of child welfare workers destabilized traditional First Nations culture, quickly stereotyping Aboriginal women as unfit mothers and living off the land as uncivilized.Welfare agencies played a very important role in â€Å"defining, transmitting and shaping what were seen as legitimate or normal cultural expectations and practices† (Ward, 1984, p. 22). The acceptable home criteria reflected a nuclear, middle class lifestyle. Once an Aboriginal child was placed, social agencies did not offer support to the newly formed families even though research has shown that transracial adoption is more problematic because children lose their cultural heritage and their true identity (Kulusic, 2005).Permanent estrangement from one’s roots was inherent in the Sixties Scoop adoption struc ture. Aboriginal names, like postal codes, signify which First Nations their family belongs to (Cuthand, 2007). With legal adoptions, children’s birth family names disappeared as the adoptive surname was issued on all records. Sealing their case files erased any past family history and made repatriation nearly impossible for the adopted child and their grieving families. Some reserves lost almost an entire generation of their children to the welfare system (Johnson, 1983).Many children were placed in distant communities, exported to other provinces or across the US border to the homes of middle class white families (Kulusic, 2005). Scattering children across the continent undermined identification with the close-knit traditional Aboriginal culture and destroyed its kinship network. The legal rights of Aboriginal children were forgotten. With the erasure of their ancestry, the knowledge of being a treaty Indian child was suppressed. Special privileges available as a result of their Native status were lost through the apprehension and adoption process (Kimmelman, 1985).In accordance with treaty rights, one might expect that child welfare agencies would place the child in a culturally appropriate environment, focused on healthy development as an Aboriginal child. Such considerations were routinely ignored (Kimmelman, 1985). This large-scale removal of Aboriginal children to non-native families throughout the 1960s and 1970s damaged the cultural legacy of all First Nations peoples. The long-term implementation and destructive intergenerational impacts of Canadian government policies during the Sixties Scoop are consistent with the United Nations definition for cultural genocide.Article 2 of the 1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide defines genocide as, â€Å"any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing mem bers of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group† (Office of the High Commissioner). Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11, No. 1 56 Alston-O’Connor Under the misguided goal of assimilation, Aboriginal children were forcibly relocated to non-Aboriginal communities. Placements with families who could not offer socialization within an Aboriginal framework of traditional knowledge and pride of heritage destroyed one of the most important intergenerational processes for cultural knowledge and continuity. Individual Suffering and the Plight of the Family Many of the legal adoptions throughout the 1960s and 1970s were unsuccessful.Alienated children became runaways, turned to street life for s upport and experienced an overwhelming sense of lost identity, â€Å"a sense of social isolation greater than that which they had experienced in the church-run schools† (York, 1990, p. 205). Anxiety and culture shock were common after moving from remote, rural areas into suburban settings to live with strangers. Many children had difficulties developing attachments to their new parents, had an inability to connect and were distrustful (York, 1990). Some adults, adopted as children, reported physical, sexual and emotional abuses. Others were even treated as domestic servants (Fournier and Crey, 1997). Children are so highly valued in Aboriginal culture that those without children are considered disadvantaged (Johnson, 1983).Research confirms that Native families who â€Å"approached child care agencies in search of help for funds to supply food and shelter ended up losing their children †¦ Often times they were only offered one option: to relinquish custody of the childà ¢â‚¬  (Kimmelman, 1985, p. 196). Problems of alcoholism, emotional stress and low selfesteem were compounded with the increased formal scrutiny and likelihood that other children would be removed from the family (Johnson, 1983). The actions of the social welfare agencies â€Å"weakened the traditional family structure, and in doing so, weakened Aboriginal society as a whole† (Johnson, 1983, p. 61). Implications for Social Work Practice Today Client Contexts The impact of the Sixties Scoop is multi-layered.Understanding the specific nature of this colonial oppression of Aboriginal peoples requires current social workers to incorporate a social justice perspective when addressing specific issues with Aboriginal clients. It provides insight into how the colonizing process has pressured people to â€Å"detach from who they are but left them with no means to alleviate the pressure† (Hart, 2007, p. 27). In our role as counselors, this framework gives us the ability to rejec t assessment tools that merely label, personalize and pathologize individual expression and relate these problems to the larger socio-political reality (Hart, 2007). We are better prepared to identify how media stereotypes and social prejudices translate into everyday life for thousands of First Nations people.As Fournier and Crey (1997) note, the current generation is suffering the effects of hundreds of years of colonialist public policies. By situating the client’s presenting problem in a societal context, we set the stage to identify strategies to offset the impoverishing effects of these social justice issues. As social workers, it is our ethical duty to look beyond individual risk factors and to change society’s foundational inequalities and constraints (CASW, 2005). One of the ways to address the power imbalance between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal culture is to incorporate Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11, No. 1 57 Alston-O’Connor Indigenous knowledge .Battiste (2002) argues it can only be fully learned and understood when learned in context, taught through Indigenous teaching methods, including sharing circles, experiential learning, meditation, prayer, ceremonies and story-telling. Thus social workers must become familiar with and support traditional healing processes. Hart (2007) believes â€Å"†¦ if the helping professions respected Aboriginal perspectives, they would incorporate methodologies which directly address the effects of genocide, colonization and oppression. † (p. 31). Native Elders have been speaking about relationships between individuals, families, communities and the world around them for generations. They can serve as role models for positive growth and well being (Hart, 2007).Their wisdom and knowledge can contribute support, direction and spiritual resources to aid both individual and collective problem solving and healing. Social workers must take an active role in encouraging direct participati on in rituals and ceremonies with First Nations clients. The blessing of an event, attending a sweat lodge or going to a sharing circle establish oneness within the group and have symbolic importance. Spirituality and connecting with one’s roots play a powerful role in building a strong sense of Aboriginal identity and hope. These practices are not part of a theoretical approach designed by academics to help Indigenous Peoples.They are meaningful expressions of Aboriginal culture and need to be recognized as valid approaches within the helping process. Effective social work practice must support the self-determination of clients to choose traditional approaches and must not be limited by textbook theory or policy driven programs to resolve issues (Hart, 2007). Culturally Appropriate Practice Analysing the impacts of the Sixties Scoop is essential to changing the social realities for Aboriginal peoples today. Practicing from an anti-oppressive philosophy, our mandate includes identifying stereotyping and over generalizing. Misperceiving traditional practices can have a negative effect on the Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal working relationship.To counteract the colonial mentality of our Anglo-Canadian society, social workers must become knowledgeable about Aboriginal perspectives and how they are reflected in traditional and urban Aboriginal culture. Past personal and generational experiences are important as well as present events that will affect future generations (Hart, 2007). Social workers who work with Aboriginal clients must respect and appreciate their worldview. Openness and sensitivity to nuances related to culture, education, and ways of communicating are essential skills. Individuals must be self aware and alert to the possibility that the social workers’ own life experiences will affect the way they view this population (Levin and Herbert, 2004).Positive cultural attributes such as intergenerational strength of spirit and collective re silience are qualities to celebrate and build upon when social workers partner in the journey toward Aboriginal healing and community renewal. The cultural view of the collective is a core Aboriginal belief that affects social work practice. First Nations culture and communities place an honourable emphasis on kin and its strengths and meaning. Immediate family often includes extended family members and distant relatives. The community is seen as another extension of the family and needs to be included in any healing process. It is crucial to be aware of this collective belief and its manifestations within the community as it affects the language, the terminology and the focus used by the social Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11, No. 1 58 Alston-O’Connor orker with the client and their relatives when discussing issues and communicating about programs and options. Trust issues may be a concern when working with First Nations peoples. Research findings by Levin and Herbert (20 04) identified fear and a lack of trust in health care settings due to discrimination and stigmatizing actions. They also reported that Aboriginal women, in particular, lacked trust in health care workers, be it doctors or social workers, due to the inexperience of workers, lack of communication with patients, cultural insensitivity, and absence of knowledge or understanding of Native healing practices (Levin and Herbert, 2004).Often service providers have inadequate information about the experiences of living in poverty or the needs, perspectives, cultures and traditions of First Nations clients. Mistrust has grown out of lived experiences such as the Sixties Scoop. Lack of understanding of this influencing factor creates substantial barriers to the establishment of a trust-based relationship between service providers and clients. This lack of trust has implications when trying to develop or implement community based initiatives as trust is vital to its success (Levin and Herbert, 2004). Legacy Lessons The destructive effects of the Sixties Scoop have important lessons for social workers today.Past mistakes in terms of the cultural context of First Nations children in care must not be repeated. Social workers uphold the fundamental child welfare principle that children should not be removed from their families solely on the basis of poverty. However, this core principle has not been equitably applied in provincial child welfare practices towards First Nations parents and children. The overrepresentation of First Nations children in care continues to be placed in nonAboriginal families (MacDonald and MacDonald, 2007). Caucasian families without cultural supports for Aboriginal children in their care may be unaware of how to address issues such as racism, prejudice and loss.As noted by Sinclair (2007) â€Å"†¦several studies found that a positive parental attitude towards the child’s ethnic group, as well as some form of social involvement with tha t ethnic group in the family’s life is significantly correlated with a child’s positive adjustment and positive sense of identity† (p. 70). While pride in the child’s Aboriginal heritage can be encouraged when specific cultural involvement plans are in place, many agencies and communities do not have the personnel to share these traditions and values. In some regions, cultural identity considerations have led to the development of policies that prioritize placement with extended family members or with foster care providers within the same community when children are removed from their parental home (McKenzie and Morrissette, 2003).The ongoing development of culturally appropriate child welfare services needs to include provisions for personal involvement with Aboriginal heritage languages, cultural traditions and values if apprehended children are to avoid the alienation and identity loss experienced by Aboriginal children from the Sixties Scoop. Professio nal Training It is clear that the social work profession and the Schools of Social Work have not been ‘neutral’ in the education and training that produced past social workers (MacDonald and MacDonald, 2007). Social workers’ Euro-centric assumptions sanctioned the destructive role of child welfare agencies in relationship to Aboriginal culture. The government’s assimilation goals Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11, No. 1 59 Alston-O’Connor for First Nations peoples were congruent with the professional criteria for â€Å"the best interests of the child† during the Sixties Scoop.MacDonald and MacDonald (2007) note that social work education programs today play a key role within the colonizing mentality of child welfare agencies. â€Å"Through a social justice lens, the Schools of Social Work need to examine their role in the colonial processes that continue to impact on First Nations people in this country† (MacDonald and MacDonald, 2007 , p 43). Social workers can be pro-active in calling for changes in their professional faculties. It is important to consider the method in which social work students are receiving their education. Tensions and stereotypes must be discussed openly. While the Sixties Scoop may be a potential factor in many of our clients’ lives, it is also one in many of our social work students’ lives. There is a need for supports to reflect on the needs of all Aboriginal students including those who know their culture, and those who are new to their culture, as well as those who practice tradition and those who were raised within the church† (Clark, Drolet, Arnouse, Walton, Rene’ Tamburro, & Mathews, 2009, p. 305). Culturally relevant education, training and curriculum development are critical to help inform empowering approaches. The inclusion of Elders in the field education programs, incorporation of spirituality and ceremony into all classrooms and an emphasis on Abor iginal leaders facilitating these practices can provide deeper insight into the Aboriginal culture and its rich history. In addition to First Nations child welfare agencies and National First Nations organizations, the schools of Social Work need to play an active role in the development of culturally appropriate social work education (MacDonald and MacDonald, 2007).They need to ensure that Aboriginal faculty teach decolonizing practices to all social work students. Recommendations on how to make the curriculum and the Schools of Social Work more reflective of and relevant to First Nations students’ needs must be implemented. As well, social worker associations need to advocate for future social work graduates to be equipped to partner with the Aboriginal community in their work toward social justice. During the Sixties Scoop, the basic principles of intrinsic human value and the right to self-determination were erased by a government intent on cultural genocide. By forcibly reassigning First Nations children to non-Aboriginal families, kinship affiliations were obliterated.Its multi-generational legacy of grief and loss in relation to family, identity, culture, heritage and community profoundly is still being felt today. As agents of child apprehension, social workers must examine their role in this tragedy and in the colonization of Aboriginal peoples. A commitment to implementing culturally relevant social work practice with First Nations clients is essential for the profession. We have the opportunity to critically evaluate current issues and to partner with members of the Aboriginal community in identifying best practices to challenge the myriad of social, political and personal issues that resulted from the Sixties Scoop.As progressive agents for social justice, it is one of our responsibilities to create changes to ensure that Aboriginal peoples and their communities have the appropriate resources to flourish and grow. 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